Payroll System Thesis Ch1-3 - 3498 Words

Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 About the Study GJ Kids Group is an experienced global chemical distributor that provides creative and innovative sourcing solutions, quality raw materials and product alternatives to industry manufacturers in the Philippines. Over the years they have established themselves as reliable and reputable sellers of industrial and fine chemicals serving industries all over the Philippines. Their key markets include the soap and detergent industry, paints and coatings industry, and food industry. Their sources of supply include both domestic and foreign producers. In addition to their highly efficient supply relationships and abilities, we also bring value through the following sales related activities: *†¦show more content†¦Scope * The study will handle the employees’ attendance and pay slip calculation inclusive of their gross and net pay for faster processing. Deductions such as Social Security System [SSS], Human Development Mutual Fund [HDMF], and Philippine Health Insurance Corporation [PHIC] will be used for the calculation of their net pay. * The study will be responsible for reducing the Physical storage space of records and thus providing a more suitable database for the whole payroll system. * The study will provide ways of securing the data of all employees by restricting public access via password prompts. Limitation * The study will not be suitable for calculations for other companies. It will only be solely made for GJKids employees. * The study will not cover the automation of the daily time records of the company or any subject pertaining to that matter. 1.7 Definition of Terms Operational These terms identify one or more specific observable conditions. Accuracy – free of error (correctness), closeness to truth or fact. Authentication – proof of authenticity. Automated – conversion of manual works to automatic operation. Daily Time Record [DTR] – daily attendance of each employee. Data Integrity – accuracy and consistency of stored data, indicated by an absence of any alterations and free from any authorized change. Efficiency – comparison of what is produced with what can be achieve with the same consumption of resources (money,Show MoreRelatedInternational Business Environment6667 Words   |  27 Pagespolicies and strategies. 2. Demonstrate understanding of the political, socio-cultural, economic and technological factors that have been found to influence variations in international organisational business structures and management styles 3. Critically assess the relationship between national and organisational cultures 4. Relate conceptual theory of ‘internationalisation’, innovation and competitive advantage to different industries and locations Skills: 1. DemonstrateRead MoreInternal Control and Fraud Detection in the Banking Industry (a Case Study of Guarantee Trust Bank Plc)11154 Words   |  45 Pagesweaknesses in the internal control systems of the banks. This has clearly pointed out the picture of how fraud has penetrated into the financial strength of Nigerian Banks. In a nut-shell, the damages which this menace, called fraud has done to the banks in innumerable and needs urgent attention. Therefore, the attempt to put an end to this economic degradation, gave rise to the topic of this research study. Internal control and fraud detection in the banking system with GTB Plc as a case study. However

The Romantic Era Of The Age Of Enlightenment - 890 Words

The Romantic Era was a literary movement that occurred in the late 18th century and the early 19th century. During this movement, artists and authors alike rebelled against the established order and classism of the time, and the values once believed in during the Age of Enlightenment (The Romantic Era ). While the people of the Age of Enlightenment valued reason, and focused on the new and original (The Enlightenment), the people of the Romantic Era focused on the emotions of the individual, nature, and the narrowed outlook of life seen through the simplicity of undereducated societies (The Nineteenth Century: Romanticism ). .A number of the literary pieces and artistic paintings from this time were based not only on the emotions of the artists, but were also shaped by the changing world around them. During the Romantic Era, wars were fought as countries were torn apart over the class systems and the unjust treatment that the people of lower classes suffered. A list of the wars fought in this period includes The Battle Of Waterloo, fought by the emperor Napoleon , which ended in 1815,the revolutions of the countries France, Italy, Austria, and Prague, and The American Civil War, fought from 1861 to 1865 (Romanticism Timeline ). Romantic poets like Walt Whitman, who experienced the American Civil War first hand (Walt Whitman), used their experiences with the wars to create their poetry. The elements of the arts, musical, literary, and illustrated, that the romanticsShow MoreRelatedWilliam Wordsworths Expostulation And Reply1615 Words   |  7 Pagesphilosophies of the Romantic era. This poem was published in Lyrical Ballads, with a Few Other Poems in 1798, a publication considered by some to mark the beginning of the Romantic era in literature. These two poems bring back a poet ic form that became a trademark for the British Romantic poets: the ballad. This form, often associated with simplicity, was useful in conveying the ideologies that were portrayed by the romantic poets. In reaction to the preceding Age of Enlightenment or Age of Reason, theRead More Literary Analysis of the Enlightenment Period and Romanticism1461 Words   |  6 Pagesbirth of the Enlightenment and Romantic Periods. There were similarities as well as very notable differences between the two. There were also two prominent voices that gained notoriety during each of these two periods. Voltaire is considered to be the pioneer of the power of reason and Rousseau is looked upon as a legendary figure of Nineteenth Century Romanticism. This analysis will evaluate the two eras, both writers and a literary piece. The Enlightenment Era gave way to an age of reasoningRead MoreThe Contributions Of The Romantic Era And Romanticism1107 Words   |  5 PagesThere was a time for reason, as well as a time for love. As we have seen from our past, today we have time for both. The Age of Reason, also known as the Enlightenment, took place during the 18th century, which was a time for philosophers to thrive. They sought out the truth behind our everyday lives, to figure out how they shaped our society. The Romantic Era or Romanticism took place during the late 18th century to the late 19th century focused on following people’s hearts more than their mindsRead MoreRomanticism1649 Words   |  7 PagesRomanticism in the Nineteenth Century The Romantic period followed the era of logical, philosophical, and social movement in the 17th to 18th century. However, as the 19th century began, Romanticism came into the light with a new perspective that intrigued the people. It stressed emphasis on emotions and imagination while also helping to realize the importance of self-expression. The American Romanticism movement illustrated inspiration, bias and predominance of individuals in the nineteenth centuryRead MoreTaking a Look at the Romantic Era1107 Words   |  4 PagesRomantic Era Romanticism was brought to life around 1780 and thinned out around 1850. During this age romantic thought and imagination was chosen over reason, emotions, logic, intuition, and science. The late 18th century was a perfect era for romanticism. During this time period it spread wildly through the countries of Europe, the United States and Latin America and touched the pens of so many writers. Romanticism gave a type of feeling that made a lot excited or enthused to write and expressRead MoreThe Marriage of Heaven and Hell Essay922 Words   |  4 PagesThe Marriage of Heaven Hell William Blake The Romantic Period We, as members of the human race, have been endowed with five senses. We have the ability to reason and to be reasonable. We are able to present, receive, and mentally process information logically. The period in history when the importance of these innate functions was stressed is known as the Age of Reason, or the Enlightenment. Also important to this age was the use of science, scientific methods, and theories. This periodRead MoreTop Ten1569 Words   |  7 PagesTop Ten Assignment The Enlightenment and Romanic Ages produced numerous masterpieces in art, music, architecture, and literature which people still enjoy today. These opus magnums along with the philosophies during the two periods are reflections of the developments in world events and cultural patterns. This paper will present two pieces of art, music, architecture, literature, and philosophy from the Enlightenment and Romanic Ages that best represents the developments patterns from that time. Read MoreOn How the Artists of the Romantic Period Chose to React against the Approaches and Philosophy Established during the Age of Elightment 1185 Words   |  5 Pagesartists during the Romantic period, that took place around the 18th and 19th centuries, choose to react against the approaches and philosophy established by artist during the age of Enlightenment. We will take a look at a few obviously Romantic artworks to help us better our understanding of this fascinating movement. To understand how Romanticism has rejected, or reacted to, the Enlightenment, we first need to take a look at what artists believed during the Enlightenment era. According to Fred SRead MoreFrankenstein : Underlying Tones Of Romanticism1279 Words   |  6 Pages Unlike the ideas from the period of Enlightenment, which were comparatively more scientific and rational in nature, the ideas from the period of Romanticism aimed to elevate the role of emotion, instinct, spirit and soul. 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Relative Frequency And Effects Of Disasters Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

string(114) " frequence and strength of inundations in many parts of the universe including India due to current clime change\." Introduction Harmonizing to India catastrophe study 2011, 14 States and one Union Territory of India had experienced at least one catastrophe during the twelvemonth 2011. The harm occurred in footings of figure of human lives lost was 1432 and figure of cowss perished was 6266. In entire 6,84,901 houses were damaged and 16. We will write a custom essay sample on Relative Frequency And Effects Of Disasters Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now 28 lakh hectares of cropped country were affected. 1 Rank Catastrophe Year of happening Entire figure of people affected 1 Drought 1987 300,000,000 2 Drought 2002 300,000,000 3 Drought 1972 200,000,000 4 Flood 1993 128,000,000 5 Drought 1965 100,000,000 6 Drought 1982 100,000,000 7 Drought 2000 50,000,000 8 Flood 2002 42,000,000 9 Flood 1975 34,000,000 10 Flood 1982 33,500,000 Source- EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database www.em-dat.net – Universite Catholique de Louvain – Brussels – Belgique Table1.2 Top 10 Natural Disasters in India during 1900-2012 in footings of economic harm Rank Catastrophe Year of happening Damage ( 000 US $ ) 1 Flood 1993 7,000,000 2 Flood 2006 3,390,000 3 Flood 2005 3,330,000 4 Earthquake 2001 2,623,000 5 Storm 1999 2,500,000 6 Flood 2004 2,500,000 7 Flood 2005 2,300,000 8 Storm 1990 2,200,000 9 Flood 2009 2,150,000 10 Flood 2010 1,680,000 Source- EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database www.em-dat.net – Universite Catholique de Louvain – Brussels – Belgique Droughts and inundations were the catastrophes which affected maximal figure of people in India. Table1.1 shows the top 10 natural catastrophes in India in footings of entire figure of people affected during 1900-2012. In footings of economic harm it was once more the inundations which had caused immense economic losingss to India. Table1.2 shows the top 10 natural catastrophes in India in footings of economic harm during 1900-2012. 1.2 Catastrophe So what is a catastrophe? Let ‘s discuss about it. Disaster is defined as happening of calamity in any country which may be due to natural or manmade causes. It can happen as an accident or due to negligence and may ensue in loss of human life and/or cattle life and/or harm to belongings. It may besides take to debasement of environment. Community of the affected country normally do n’t hold the capacity to get by with the state of affairs without external support. 2 Catastrophes can be classified into two wide types: natural catastrophes and manmade catastrophes. The High Power Committee on catastrophe direction in India, constituted in 1999, has identified 31 different catastrophes which can be categorized into five major groups. 3 I. Water and clime related catastrophes two. Geological catastrophes three. Chemical, industrial and atomic catastrophes four. Accident related catastrophes v. Biological catastrophes 1.2.1 Disaster direction Disaster direction is necessary non merely for prompt response during catastrophe but for bar of it and for decrease of hazard and badness of any catastrophe. It is a uninterrupted and incorporate procedure of planning, organizing, organizing and implementing different activities and steps. It includes readiness, appraisal of magnitude of effects, prompt response such as emptying, deliverance and alleviation. It besides includes rehabilitation and reconstruction.2 A typical catastrophe direction rhythm has six elements ; the pre-disaster stage comprises of bar, extenuation and readiness while the post-disaster stage comprises of response, rehabilitation, Reconstruction and recovery. 4 Traditionally, direction of any catastrophe worldwide, focussed on immediate deliverance and alleviation operation, so as in India. After the Great Famine of 1876-1878 in India, the Famine Commission was constituted in 1880. The Famine Relief Code was besides adopted. 5 Relief sections were set up under British regulation for exigencies during catastrophes. After independency, catastrophe direction in each province was looked after by Relief Commissioners, under Cardinal Relief Commissioner. Their function were limited to distribution of alleviation stuff in the affected countries. 3 Consequent upon announcement of the decennary 1990-2000 as International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction ( IDNDR ) by the general assembly of the United Nations 6 and the universe conference on natural catastrophes decrease at Yokohama, Japan in 1994, Government of India constituted a High Powered Committee in August, 1999. 7 The High Power Committee gave its recommendations in October 2001 including a bill of exchange of the catastrophe direction measure and suggested for the constitution of National Disaster Management Authority. 3, 5 After Odisha Super Cyclone ( 1999 ) and Gujarat Earthquake ( 2001 ) , India changed its catastrophe direction attack from reactive to proactive. 8 After the super cyclone, the Government of Odisha established the Odisha State Disaster Management Authority ( OSDMA ) . 5 1.2.2 Relative frequence and effects of catastrophes World meteoric organisation statistics shows that harm caused by natural catastrophes during 1963-2002 was worst for inundations ( Flood-32 % , Tropical cyclone-30 % , Droughts-22 % , Earthquakes-10 % and other disasters-6 % ) . 3 78.4 % of all catastrophe events worldwide occur due to hydro-meteorological causes and 47.94 % of all catastrophe deceases worldwide are due to hydro-meteorological catastrophes from 1900 to 2009. 3 Children and adult females are the most vulnerable group as 85 % of the deceases during catastrophes are of adult females and kids. 3 1.3 Flood Flood is defined as ‘the status that occurs when H2O overflows the natural or unreal confines of a watercourse, river, or other organic structure of H2O, or accumulates by drainage over low-lying countries ‘ . 9 Flood can happen in a little localised country due to heavy rainfall over a sustained period of clip and the attendant drainage job. Flash implosion therapy occurs when it rains excessively rapidly, by and large for less than six hours. But river inundations are normally of longer continuance as it may last a hebdomad or more and in some instances for months together doing more harm to human lives and farm animal. Coastal inundations are caused by tsunami, heavy costal rainfall and tidal action.10 River inundations are expected in some geographical countries. Peoples by and large welcome inundations as they provide rich dirt for cultivation and H2O for assorted intents. But flood at an unexpected graduated table and with inordinate frequence causes harm to lives, farm animal and the environment. Matter of concern is that, there is addition in the frequence and strength of inundations in many parts of the universe including India due to current clime change. You read "Relative Frequency And Effects Of Disasters Environmental Sciences Essay" in category "Essay examples"11 1.3.1 Flood in India The Indian sub-continent is extremely vulnerable to assorted types of natural catastrophes like drouths, inundations, cyclones, temblors, and landslides etc. India is one of the 10 worst catastrophe prone states of the universe. 3 Among all these natural catastrophes that occur in the state, river inundations are the most frequent and frequently the most annihilating. In India, 40 million hectares of land which is about one-eighth of the entire country of the state is prone to inundations. Flood occurs in 23 out of entire 35 provinces and brotherhood districts in the state. 3 To command inundation in the state, The National Flood Control Program was launched in India in 1954. 3 1.3.2 Flood in Odisha Odisha province which is situated in the east seashore of India is one of the most vulnerable Indian provinces to climate change.12 It is located between 170 48 ‘ N and 220 35 ‘ N latitudes, and 810 47 ‘ E and 870 32 ‘ E longitudes. 1 The chief rivers of Odisha are Mahanadi, Brahmani, Baitarani, Budhabalanga, Subarnarekha, Rushikulya etc. These rivers are perennial with sulky flow throughout the dry season. With the oncoming of monsoon they swell threateningly and deluge big countries. 1 Odisha experiences terrible inundations in about every two old ages. 13 1.3.3 Flood in Kendrapara territory of Odisha Kendrapara territory is one of the coastal territories of Odisha. After separation from Cuttack territory as a separate territory in 1993, Kendrapara has faced terrible inundations in 1994, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 13and late in 2011.14 Harmonizing to India catastrophe study 2011, Kendrapara territory was severely hit by inundation in 2011. All the nine development blocks in the territory were affected. 473 small towns of 116 Gram Panchayats and two Urban Local Bodies ( ULBs ) were affected. Entire figure of population affected were 507145 ( Third highest after 625897 in Puri territory and 526923 in Cuttack territory ) with 13 human casualties ( Highest in the province ) . 27000 houses were damaged ( Second highest after Puri territory ) including kuchha and pucca houses. 1 1.3.4 Health effects of inundation Floods are frequently considered the most frequent and dearly-won of all natural catastrophes in footings of human agony and economic loss.15 Health impacts of inundation vary between populations and these depend on the physical exposure of population, single every bit good as community readiness and the type and continuance of flood event. The immediate wellness effects of inundation can be submerging, hurt, acute asthma, tegument roseolas, stomach flu, and respiratory infections. The mid-term effects of inundation are infected lesions, toxic condition, catching diseases, and famishment. The long-run wellness effects of inundation can be disablement, hapless mental wellness and malnutrition. 16 Approximately two-thirds of the flood deceases can be attributed to submerging. This implies that other one-third human deaths are due to causes other than submerging, such as physical injury, bosom onslaught, fire, C monoxide toxic condition and electrocution.17 In inundation state of affairss, there are ever increased opportunity of transmittal of diseases like cholera, cryptosporidiosis, infantile paralysis, rotavirus, enteric fever and paratyphoid, particularly in countries if the community does non hold entree to safe imbibing H2O and sanitation.18 Common mental upsets like anxiousness, depression and posttraumatic emphasis upset are common after a nerve-racking event of an exceptionally baleful nature like terrible inundation. 18 These may attest with symptoms like upseting memories, turning away of fortunes associated with the stressor, sleep perturbations, crossness and deficiency of concentration.18 Loss of cherished ownerships in inundation can hold much more impact than fiscal losingss. 19 One survey found a four times increase in unwellnesss among people whose places were flooded compared with those whose places were non flooded.20 Referrals to infirmaries were more than double from the flooded families than not flooded families for the old ages following the inundations in Europe. 21 One community degree survey in rural Odisha, India shows that exposure to inundations is associated with long-run malnutrition. Children who are exposed to inundations during their first twelvemonth of life show higher degrees of chronic malnutrition compared to the kids who are non exposed to deluge during their infancy.22 1.4 Public wellness system and inundation Public wellness system should stay prepared to supply exigency services to the community as the demand may increase all of a sudden when inundation strikes the community. 23 but public wellness systems face tonss of jobs in pull offing the inundation state of affairs. 1.4.1 Problems Flood can hold impact on the public wellness attention systems in two ways. The direct impact is due to structural harm to wellness installations and the secondary impact is through other direction jobs. 24 Scarcity of resources reduces the ability of the wellness system to react efficaciously. 25 Public wellness systems besides face jobs in presenting services due to population supplanting and power failure. Population supplanting leads to herding and sanitation job around the impermanent colonies. This may take to outbreak of diseases. 26 Water intervention workss may halt working due to power failure job during inundations. This increases the hazard for waterborne diseases. Power failure job besides affects proper operation of wellness installations such as care of cold concatenation. 26 Disease surveillance in affected countries is of import to understand the impact of inundation on diseases. But acquiring accurate and timely information during inundation is often disputing. 26 Healthcare instantly after inundation is frequently delivered by many bureaus and organisations. Coordination among them at that clip becomes a challenge. 26 1.4.2 Readiness In general inundation readiness steps include building of dikes, land usage planning, watershed direction, inundation prediction and warning system, inundation eventuality planning and readiness of community for self-defense activity and capacity edifice programmes. 11 Public and the public governments ever focus on structural intercessions that modify and control the velocity and the force of flood.10 Primary wellness Centres under public wellness system are the chief wellness attention establishments in rural countries to cover with wellness impacts of catastrophes. 27, 28 Poor people are more likely to be affected than the wealthier, when public wellness establishments are affected. 29 To cut down the wellness impacts on a population significantly, wellness system should hold information on impending inundation. 30 Flood readiness planning for public wellness system should be an on-going procedure. It should embrace all stakeholders so that the corporate wisdom can be utilised to cut down the impact of inundation, to take necessary action during the inundation event and to take up proper rehabilitation and recovery activities. 31 but it is a common fact that public wellness planning processes in most of the states including India are based on premises and guesss instead than grounds. 27 1.4.3 Community National Disaster Management Authority ( NDMA ) has advised the Ministry of Panchayati Raj and Rural Development to turn to the concerns of catastrophe direction in the preparation of representatives of the Panchayati Raj Institutions and local organic structures. Women Self Help Groups ( SHGs ) , Anganwadi workers and adult females voluntaries are playing a lead function in catastrophe direction readiness. Accredited Social Health Activist ( ASHA ) workers are besides easing first assistance and hunt and deliverance preparation for big figure of people. 8 So community should be cognizant about their exposure and strength. They are themselves the first respondents to any type of catastrophes. Education and preparation of the general community in first assistance and resuscitation decidedly helps in salvaging many lives before formal medical assistance reaches the catastrophe site. Evaluations of developing plans on first assistance and resuscitation have shown good consequences. Contingency plans and extenuation programs for inundation become successful merely when the planning procedure involves all the community members and it take into history the bing societal constructions and dynamics.32 It has been estimated that, 80-90 per centum of wellness attention demands in the first 24 hours after inundation strikes the community can be managed by trained voluntaries from the community itself. This besides reduces the work load on the public wellness system. 33 1.4.4 Public wellness workers Enrolling and retaining human resources in public wellness system is an all clip challenge. There is acute deficit of human resources in rural countries and it is felt clearly during catastrophes like inundation. 34 But Training of available human resource in flood direction can cut down the service spread during inundation well. 35 Training and capacity edifice of wellness forces is one of the most of import elements of catastrophe readiness program of public wellness system. Trained work force shows assurance in managing exigency state of affairss. Evaluation of preparation and capacity edifice activities are normally done by comparing pre-tests and post-tests36 but the existent rating of competence and effectivity occurs as the jeopardy strikes the community. Training besides helps to detect inadequacies in accomplishments, determination pickings pattern and information systems. 37 Training should hold theory Sessionss based on success narratives elsewhere in the universe and mock Sessionss supplying accomplishments to cover with the practical job. The most of import thing is that there should be refresher preparations on a regular basis with regular updating of cognition. 38 There should be more capacity edifice activities for community degree wellness workers as they are the first contact points for the community in exigency state of affairss like inundation. These activities should be based on recognized scientific attacks but adapted to the local culture.39 1.5 Public wellness system in Odisha Commissioner-cum-secretary of section of wellness is the administrative caput of the section and studies to the wellness curate. Nine managers and the drug accountant of Odisha study straight to the commissioner-cum-secretary. These managers are Mission Director, National Rural Health Mission ( NRHM ) ; Project Director, Odisha State AIDS Control Society ( OSACS ) ; Director, Medical Education and Training ; Director, Acharya Harihar Regional Cancer Centre ( AHRCC ) ; Director, Family Welfare ; Director, Health Services ; Director, Public Health ; Director, State Institute of Health and Family Welfare ( SIHFW ) ; Director, Indian System of Medicine ( ISM ) and Homeopathy. Commissioner-cum-secretary is besides helped by secretaries at assorted degrees such as particular secretary, extra secretary, joint secretary, deputy secretary and under secretary. ( Annexure-1 ) District wellness disposal is headed by head territory medical officer. Public wellness system below territory degree has been described in the subdivision 3.1 ( Health system in the survey territory ) of consequence chapter. Table1.3 gives an thought about the figure of public wellness attention establishments in Odisha which provide services to entire population of 41,947,358 ( Rural 34,951,234 and Urban 6,996,124 ) in Odisha.40 Medical College and Hospitals 3 District Hospitals ( 30 territories + Capital Hospital, Bhubaneswar A ; Rourkela General Hospital ) 32 Sub-Divisional Hospitals 26 Community Health Centres 377 Other Hospitals 79 Primary Health Centres 1228 Sub-Centres 6688 Ayurvedic Hospitals 2 Ayurvedic College A ; Hospitals 3 Ayurvedic Dispensaries 619 Homoeopathic College A ; Hospitals 4 Homoeopathic Dispensaries 561 Unani Dispensaries 9 Source- Annual Activity Report 2011-12, Health and Family Welfare Department, Government of Odisha. 1.5.1 Public wellness system response to inundation in Odisha Directorate of Public Health in Odisha has been created by a declaration of Department of Health A ; Family Welfare in 2009. Disaster direction is one of the chief activities of the board of directors. 14 The State unit of Integrated Disease Surveillance Project ( IDSP ) becomes the province control room during inundation. During 2011 inundation, 135 medical alleviation squads were deployed and 482 Medical Relief Centers were opened in the inundation affected districts.141,73,374 packages of ORS and 52,74,613 Halogen tablets were distributed. 1 1.6 Rationale for the survey Successful direction of wellness impacts of inundation depends on the coordination of assorted sections and bureaus with the wellness section, cooperation from the community and leading of the wellness section. This can merely be achieved by bettering the apprehension of wellness hazards in local scenes and of the societal and cultural qualifiers of those risks.17 Research on inundation hazards and response has mostly focused on economic sciences, support and agribusiness. Very few researches have given attending to wellness dimension of inundation. 41 A study of primary wellness centres in Jagatsinghpur territory of Odisha, surrounding territory of Kendrapara was done instantly after 2008 inundation. The aims were to measure the readiness and functional capacity of primary wellness centres in the territory for inundation response. Pretested questionnaire was used to interview medical officers merely. Health workers and other back uping staffs were non interviewed. 42 No mentions of survey conducted in Kendrapara territory which tries to understand the wellness hazards of community and wellness staffs, inter and intra wellness section work kineticss, outlook and cooperation of community and community based organisations in flood state of affairss were found. This survey is an effort to understand these local wellness system kineticss which can be utilized to alter the policy for better readiness of wellness system to pull off and extenuate the inauspicious wellness impacts of inundation in Kendrapara territory. 1.7 Aims of the survey aˆ? To analyze the major jobs encountered by public wellness workers in presenting the services after inundation aˆ? To analyze the readiness of public wellness workers for pull offing inundation state of affairs aˆ? To happen out the capacity spreads of public wellness workers in covering with inundation state of affairs How to cite Relative Frequency And Effects Of Disasters Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Wireless Technology and Antennas for Engineering -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theWireless Technology and Antennasfor Engineering Students. Answer: Antennas are categorized based on their performance defined by the "Antennas Performance Parameters" characteristics. These parameters determine the quality, range and other important aspects of the antenna. Based on these parameters, they are grouped into five broad categories depending on their functionality and the different parameters they may have. These groups include Log Periodic Antennas, Wire Antennas, Traveling Waves Antennas, Microwave Antennas and lastly, Aperture Antennas ("Different types of Antennas with Properties and their Working", 2017). The parameters that define the categories of the different types of antennas are Antenna Gain and Directive, Aperture, Bandwidth and Frequency, Polarization and Polar diagram ("Different types of Antennas with Properties and their Working", 2017). To determine the strengths and weaknesses of the different antennas, one must understand these parameters in details. For instance, polar diagram affects an antenna's radiation the most s ignificant parameter of an antenna. For instance, in wire antennas, the effectiveness of radiation transmission from one pole to another depends on the impedance of the given poles. However, this is not the case when it comes to Aperture antennas. Aperture antennas are designed differently, allowing the radiation to be only Omni directional, that is, does not have a single specific direction. Since wire antennas depend on the impedance of two poles for efficiency, there is room for loss of radiation leading to a weaker radiation compared to aperture antennas. Other crucial parameters of antennas are frequency, directive gain, and bandwidth. Frequency refers to numbers of a complete cycle the waves from one end of an antenna completes in one second. Bandwidth is the difference between the highest frequency and the lowest frequency. Bandwidth differs from one type of antenna to another. From the vast characteristics of antennas, it can be seen that although some antennas are stronger and more desirable than others, it is difficult to choose one type of antenna over the other or state with certainty which type will dominate the future. This is because the different types of antennas have different application. One type may be suitable in cellular technology why another is suitable for military communication. CDMA, an acronym for Code Division Multiple Access and Frequency Division Multiple Access, abbreviated by FDMA are technologies in the wireless networking that allow multiple access by multiple users. Although both CDMA and FDMA are capable of carrying digital information, FDMA is considered not effective. Consequently, it is used mostly for analog transmission technology. CDMA focuses on uniquely coding the information before sending it out in small bits. It then uses the code to match another user on the other end. Once it finds a match, it then connects the two users. A good example of the CDMA technology as such used in the CDMA IS-95 standard where an entire 1.225 MHz is shared by many channels using unique 64 Walsh Code. Conversely, in FDMA, a whole bandwidth is divided into different channels before being allocated to different users. An example of the FDMA network is the GSM. Here, the 25 MHz band is divided into 124 RF careers with a bandwidth of 200 KHz each before being si gned to the user. With the similarity of the two networks relying on their wireless, the main difference between the two is entirely on the way they are transmitted. Although the two technologies may be seem so different from each other, there application can be merged to compliment each other. Research is underway to combine the advantages of both technologies to make wireless communication even better. Applications of wireless technologies have gone beyond the basic networking. Often, more and more sophisticated wireless technologies are being used in every aspect of life. It has advanced from data transfer to power transfer. Some of the advanced wireless technologies used today include wireless charging, Wireless sensors, and actuators for tracking energy usage as well as seamless roaming. The future of wireless technology is bright with a possibility of a wide range of applications. However, I consider wireless charging to be the dominant wireless technology of the future. Wireless charging or technically, inductive charging is the recharging of electronic gadgets without using cords. Wireless charging is used through the application of magnetic resonance principles. The technology uses two terminals called Qi sender and Qi receiver within an electromagnetic field. When a current passes through the Qi sender, it generates an electromagnetic field. The magnetic field is received b y the Qi receiver and converted back to AC current for charging (Wireless Charging; How Inductive Chargers Work PowerbyProxi, 2015). Its major application is currently in the phone manufacturing. Wireless charging is an advanced example of the wireless technology which its application is still in its infancy. Consequently, there are still many pitfalls on its way. The current application of wireless charging faces a number of disadvantages which include inefficiency through power loss and slow charging which translates to longer charging time. Despite these challenges, wireless technology has a long way to perfect. Its advantages outweigh its disadvantages which give the possibility to dominate the future of charging. References Antenna Theory Tutorial. (2017).www.tutorialspoint.com. Retrieved 22 August 2017, from https://www.tutorialspoint.com/antenna_theory/index.htm Different types of Antennas with Properties and thier Working. (2017).ElProCus - Electronic Projects for Engineering Students. Retrieved 22 August 2017, from https://www.elprocus.com/different-types-of-antennas-with-properties-and-thier-working/ FDMA Technology.www.tutorialspoint.com. Retrieved 22 August 2017, from https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cdma/fdma_technology.htm FDMA versus TDMA versus CDMA-Difference between FDMA,TDMA,CDMA.Rfwireless-world.com. Retrieved 22 August 2017, from https://www.rfwireless-world.com/Terminology/FDMA-versus-TDMA-versus-CDMA.html Frezza, F. (2017).Introduction to Traveling-Wave antennas. European School of Antennas. Wireless Charging amp; How Inductive Chargers Work PowerbyProxi. (2015).PowerbyProxi. Retrieved 12 April 2017, from https://powerbyproxi.com/wireless-charging/